assignment of green chemistry

Overview on Green Chemistry in Easy language

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What are the Green Chemistry?

We can say “Doing chemistry with personal safety and the Environment in mind” is green chemistry. Green chemistry is a field of chemistry that focuses on the development of chemical products and processes that are safe, efficient, and sustainable. It aims to reduce the negative impact of chemical products and processes on the environment and human health by designing them in a way that minimizes the use and generation of hazardous substances.

Importance of Green Chemistry

• Prevention: designing chemical products and processes that prevent waste and pollution.
• Atom economy: designing chemical reactions that maximize the use of all atoms in the starting materials.
• Less hazardous chemical syntheses: developing chemical reactions that use safer, less toxic chemicals.
• Designing safer chemicals: designing chemicals that are non-toxic, biodegradable, and non-hazardous.
• Safer solvents and auxiliaries: using safer solvents and other auxiliary substances that are less harmful to the environment.
• Renewable feedstocks: using renewable raw materials, such as biomass or agricultural waste, to produce chemicals.
• Energy efficiency: designing chemical processes that use less energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Real-time analysis for pollution prevention: monitoring chemical processes in real-time to prevent the formation of hazardous byproducts.

Introduction to Green Chemistry

In 1976: The Seveso disaster was an industrial accident that occurred in a small chemical manufacturing plant near Milan in Italy. It resulted in the highest known exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinin residential population.

1984: The Bhopal disaster was an industrial catastrophy that took place at a pesticide plant owned and operated by Union Carbide (UCIL) in Bhopal India resulting in the exposure of over 500,000 people. It was caused by methyl Iso cyanate (MIC) gas.

1986: The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine. It resulted in a severe release of radioactive materials. Most fatalities from the accident were caused by radiation poisoning.

1989: Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker hit a reef and spilled an estimated minimum 10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million litres) of crude oil. This has been recorded as one of the largest spills in United States history and one of the largest ecological disasters.

You May Like: Different monographs and formularies available and their major contents

History Of Green Chemistry

Green chemistry as a field of study emerged in the 1990s in response to growing concerns about the environmental and health impacts of traditional chemical processes and products. The concept of green chemistry was first introduced in a 1991 paper by Paul Anastas and John Warner titled “Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice.”

The origins of green chemistry can be traced back to the 1970s, when environmental concerns first gained significant public attention. In the early 1980s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), which required companies to report on the release of toxic chemicals into the environment. This led to increased public awareness of the negative impact of chemicals on human health and the environment.

In 1990, the Pollution Prevention Act was passed in the United States, which required companies to adopt pollution prevention practices and reduce the use of hazardous substances. This provided a framework for the development of green chemistry principles and practices.

The green chemistry movement gained momentum in the 1990s with the establishment of the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards, which recognized companies and individuals who made significant contributions to the development of green chemistry. The award program was created in 1995 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in collaboration with the American Chemical Society (ACS) and other organizations.

Since then, the field of green chemistry has continued to grow and evolve, with increasing emphasis on the use of renewable resources, the development of sustainable chemical processes, and the adoption of green chemistry principles in education and research. Today, green chemistry is a recognized field of study and practice, with numerous academic institutions and organizations dedicated to promoting the development and adoption of sustainable chemical products and processes.

Nobel Prize in Green chemistry

There is no Nobel Prize specifically for green chemistry, but the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to scientists whose work has contributed to the field of green chemistry.

• in 2005, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R. Schrock for their contributions to the development of metathesis, a chemical reaction that can be used to make molecules in a more efficient and environmentally friendly way.
• In 2012, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka for their work on G protein-coupled receptors, which has led to the development of more efficient drugs with fewer side effects.
• Frances Arnold won in 2018, it for the directed evolution of enzymes, a technique she has pioneered over the past 25 years and has used to pursue new avenues within green chemistry and to engineer reactions completely new to nature.Frances Arnold won in 2018, it for the directed evolution of enzymes, atechnique she has pioneered over the past 25 years and has used to pursuenew avenues within green chemistry and to engineer reactionscompletely new to nature.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, there are other awards that recognize achievements in green chemistry. For example, the ACS Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable awards the Green Chemistry Challenge Awards annually to companies or individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of green chemistry. Other organizations, such as the Royal Society of Chemistry and the European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences, also have awards for achievements in green chemistry.

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