ip address assignment dhcp

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IP Address Assignment and DHCP

• Computer installed Windows 10 Enterprise Edition operating system and connected to Ethernet Port on the computer
• They unplug cable at the switch to router/dhcp
• Then computer receives APIPA address
• They plug cable from switch to router/dhcp
• Computer do not receive IP Address

Please help to understand why Windows 10 Computer will receive IP Address and How Windows 10 client receives IP Address (Ethernet Port on the Computer-> Switch -> Router)

Windows 10 Network Windows 10: A Microsoft operating system that runs on personal computers and tablets. Network: A group of devices that communicate either wirelessly or via a physical connection. 2,036 questions Sign in to follow

Just want to confirm the current situations.

Please feel free to let me know if you need further assistance.

Best Regards, Mulder

Just checking if you have fixed the issue? And is there something else I can do for you?

How long did you wait? Also try ipcofig /renew something here may also help. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/troubleshoot/how-to-use-automatic-tcpip-addressing-without-a-dh#example-1-no-previous-ip-address-and-no-dhcp-server

--please don't forget to Accept as answer if the reply is helpful--

Hello DSPatrick,

Thanks for the information. It is very useful. I will write back after the outcome.

Glad to hear it was helpful.

I need a help in understanding.

Network cable is connected in Switch and Computer Computer receives APIAP IP Address. Does it mean whether it does not have communication with DHCP?

Once there is a communication with DHCP then computer will receive the IP Address or will it remains APIPA IP Address

• Computer receives APIAP IP Address because you didnt run ipconfig /release> ipconfig /renew command in CMD as administrator to receive IP Address which is assigned by DHCP.

2.Once there is a communication with DHCP, the computer will remain APIPA address unless you execute CMD commands ipconfig /release> ipconfig /renew by run as administrator to receive IP Address which is assigned by DHCP.

Hello JiangZhang, Thank you for the detailed update.

Best Regards, Mulder Zhang

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Hello Mulder Zhang,

Thank you for your testing and It is very useful. I will let you know once i connect with user of the problematic computer

The computer checks for the DHCP server and if none are found, an attempt is made to contact the default gateway. If the default gateway replies, then the Windows computer retains the previously-leased IP address. However, if the computer does not receive a response from the default gateway or if none are assigned, then it uses the automatic private IP addressing

An error message is presented to the user and discover messages are transmitted every 3 minutes. Once a DHCP server comes on line, a message is generated stating communications have been re-established with a DHCP Server and address is assigned.

Hello DSPatrick, Thanks for the detailed update.

You're welcome.

Just checking if there's any progress or updates?

--please don't forget to upvote and Accept as answer if the reply is helpful--

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Address-assignment pools overview, extended dhcp local server and address-assignment pools, interaction among the dhcp client, extended dhcp local server, and address-assignment pools, configuring how the extended dhcp local server determines which address-assignment pool to use, assign a specific ip address to a client using dhcp option 50 and dhcpv6 ia_na option, configuring address-assignment pools, configuring an address-assignment pool name and addresses, configuring a named address range for dynamic address assignment, configuring static address assignments, configuring address-assignment pool linking, configuring dhcp client-specific attributes for address-assignment pools, ip address assignment pool.

Address pool is a set of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses available for allocation to users, such as in host configurations with the DHCP. An address-assignment pool can support either IPv4 address or IPv6 addresses. You can create centralized IPv4 and IPv6 address pools independently of the client applications that use the pools. For more information, read this topic.

The address-assignment pool enables you to create centralized IPv4 and IPv6 address pools independent of the client applications that use the pools. The authd process manages the pools and the address allocation, whether the addresses come from local pools or from a RADIUS server.

For example, multiple client applications, such as DHCP, can use the same address-assignment pool to provide addresses for their particular clients. Client applications can acquire addresses for either authenticated or unauthenticated clients. The pool selected for a subscriber, based on the RADIUS server or network matching or other rule, is called the matching pool for the subscriber.

Address Assignment Types

Named address ranges in address assignment pool, address allocation from linked address pools, address pool hold-down state, address-assignment pool for neighbor discovery router advertisement, excluding specified address or address range, licensing requirement, benefits of address assignment pools.

Address-assignment pools support both dynamic and static address assignment. In dynamic address assignment, a client is automatically assigned an address from the address-assignment pool. In static address assignment, which is supported for IPv4 pools only, you reserve an address that is then always used by a particular client. Addresses that are reserved for static assignment are removed from the dynamic address pool and cannot be assigned to other clients.

You can configure named address ranges within an address-assignment pool. A named range is a subset of the overall address range. A client application can use named ranges to manage address assignment based on client-specific criteria. For example, for IPv4 address-assignment pools, you might create a named range that is based on a specific DHCP option 82 value. Then, when a DHCP client request matches the specified option 82 value, an address from the specified range is assigned to the client.

You can link address-assignment pools together to provide backup pools for address assignment. When no addresses are available in the primary or in the matching address pool, the device automatically proceeds to the linked (secondary) address pool to search for an available address to allocate.

Although the first pool in a chain of linked pools is generally considered the primary pool, a matching pool is not necessarily the first pool in the chain.

Starting in Junos OS Release 18.1R1, search mechanism for an available address proceeds through a chain of linked pools. This behavior enables the DHCP to search addresses contiguously..

Lets use an example on how the search mechanism works. Consider a chain of three pools— A, B, and C. Pool A is the primary pool, Pool B is the matching pool for certain subscribers based on information returned by the RADIUS server. The search for an available address for those subscribers uses the following sequence:

By default, the matching pool (Pool B) is searched first.

The search moves to the first pool (Pool A) in the chain if address not found.

The search proceeds through the chain (Pool C) until an available address is found and allocated, or until the search determines no addresses are free.

In each pool, all address ranges are fully searched for an address.

You can configure the linked-pool-aggregation statement to start searching within a block of addresses in each range in the matching pool and then successively through the linked pools. The search then moves back to the first pool in the chain and searches all addresses in all ranges in each pool through the last pool in the chain.

You can configure an address-assignment pool in hold-down state. When the address pool is in hold-down state, the pool is no longer available to allocate IP addresses for the subscribers. This configuration gracefully transforms the active pool to an inactive state as the previously allocated addresses are returned to the pool. When the pool is inactive, you can safely perform maintenance on the pool without affecting any active subscribers.

You can explicitly allocate an address-assignment pool for Neighbor Discovery Router Advertisement (NDRA).

Starting in Junos OS Release 18.1R1, you can exclude a specified address or range of consecutive addresses to prevent them from being allocated from an address pool.

For example, you might want to reserve certain addresses or ranges to be used only for static subscribers. When you configure an address or range to be excluded, and the address or an address within the range, has already been allocated, that subscriber is logged out, the address is deallocated, and the address is marked for exclusion.

This feature requires a license. To understand more about Subscriber Access Licensing , see Subscriber Access Licensing Overview . Please refer to the Juniper Licensing Guide for general information about License Management. Please refer to the product Data Sheets for details, or contact your Juniper Account Team or Juniper Partner.

The address-assignment pool feature supports both subscriber management and DHCP management.

You can create centralized pools of addresses independent of client applications.

You can specify blocks of addresses, named ranges, so that a given address pool can be used to supply different addresses for different client applications or for subscribers that match different sets of criteria.

You can link pools together to ensure that pools are searched for free addresses in a specific manner, contiguously or noncontiguously.

You can gracefully transition an address pool from active to inactive by specifying that no further addresses are allocated from the pool.

The extended DHCP local server enhances traditional DHCP server operation in which the client address pool and client configuration information reside on the DHCP server. With the extended DHCP local server, the client address and configuration information reside in centralized address-assignment pools, which are managed independently of the DHCP local server and which can be shared by different client applications.

The extended DHCP local server also supports advanced pool matching and the use of named address ranges. You can also configure the local server to use DHCP option 82 information in the client PDU to determine which named address range to use for a particular client. The client configuration information, which is configured in the address-assignment pool, includes user-defined options, such as boot server, grace period, and lease time.

Configuring the DHCP environment that includes the extended DHCP local server requires two independent configuration operations, which you can complete in any order.

In one operation, you configure the extended DHCP local server on the router and specify how the DHCP local server determines which address-assignment pool to use.

In the other operation, you configure the address-assignment pools used by the DHCP local server. The address-assignment pools contain the IP addresses, named address ranges, and configuration information for DHCP clients. See Address-Assignment Pool Configuration Overview for details about creating and using address-assignment pools.

The extended DHCP local server and the address-assignment pools used by the server must be configured in the same logical system and routing instance.

The pattern of interaction between the DHCP local server, the DHCP client, and address-assignment pools is the same regardless of whether you are using a router or a switch. However, there are some differences in the details of usage.

On routers—In a typical carrier edge network configuration, the DHCP client is on the subscriber’s computer or customer premises equipment (CPE), and the DHCP local server is configured on the router.

On switches—In a typical network configuration, the DHCP client is on an access device, such as a personal computer, and the DHCP local server is configured on the switch.

The following steps provide a high-level description of the interaction among the DHCP local server, DHCP client, and address-assignment pools:

The DHCP client sends a discover packet to one or more DHCP local servers in the network to obtain configuration parameters and an IP address for the subscriber (or DHCP client).

Each DHCP local server that receives the discover packet then searches its address-assignment pool for the client address and configuration options. Each local server creates an entry in its internal client table to keep track of the client state, then sends a DHCP offer packet to the client.

On receipt of the offer packet, the DHCP client selects the DHCP local server from which to obtain configuration information and sends a request packet indicating the DHCP local server selected to grant the address and configuration information.

The selected DHCP local server sends an acknowledgement packet to the client that contains the client address lease and configuration parameters. The server also installs the host route and ARP entry, and then monitors the lease state.

You can specify the match order in which the extended DHCP local server uses the client data to determine the address-assignment pool that provides the IP address and configuration for a DHCP client. If you do not specify any pool match order, the device uses the default IP address configured in IP address first matching option to select the address pool.

You can specify the order for pool matching methods. You can specify the methods in any order. All methods are optional. IP address first method is default method.

IP address first—Default option. The server selects the address-assignment pool to use by matching the IP address in the client DHCP request with the network address of the address-assignment pool.

If the client request contains the gateway IP address (giaddr), the local server matches the giaddr to the address-assignment pool’s address.

If the client request does not contain the giaddr, then the DHCP local server matches the IP address of the receiving interface to the address of the address-assignment pool.

External authority—The DHCP local server receives the address assignment from an external authority, such as RADIUS or Diameter.

If RADIUS is the external authority, the DHCP local server uses the Framed-IPv6-Pool attribute (RADIUS attribute 100) to select the pool.

If Diameter is the external authority, the server uses the Diameter counterpart of the Framed-IPv6-Pool attribute to determine the pool.

Option 82—For IPv4 address-Extended DHCP local server matches the DHCP relay agent information option (option 82) in the client DHCP packets to a named range in the address-assignment pool. Named ranges are subsets within the overall address-assignment pool address range, which you can configure when you create the address-assignment pool.

To use the DHCP local server option 82 matching feature with an IPv4 address-assignment pool, you must ensure that the option-82 statement is included in the dhcp-attributes statement for the address-assignment pool.

This example shows an extended DHCP local server configuration that includes optional IPv4 address-assignment pool matching and interface groups. For pool matching, this configuration specifies that the DHCP local server first check the response from an external authentication authority (for example, RADIUS) and use the Framed-IPv6-Pool attribute to determine the address-assignment pool to use for the client address. If no external authority match is found, the DHCP local server then uses ip-address-first matching together with the option 82 information to match the named address range for client IPv4 address assignment. The option 82 matching must also be included in the address-assignment pool configuration.

Subscriber management or DHCP management enables you to specify that DHCP local server assign a particular address to a client. For example, if a client is disconnected, you might use this capability to assign the same address that the client was using prior to being disconnected. If the requested address is available, DHCP assigns it to the client. If the address is unavailable, the DHCP local server offers another address, based on the address allocation process.

Both DHCP local server and DHCPv6 local server support the specific address request feature. DHCP local server uses DHCP option 50 in DHCP discover messages to request a particular address, while DHCPv6 local server uses the IA_NA option (Identity Association for Non-Temporary Addresses) in DHCPv6 solicit messages.

Subscriber management (DHCP management) supports only one address for each of the DHCPv6 IA_NA or IA_PD address types. If the DHCPv6 client requests more than one address for a given type, the DHCPv6 local server uses only the first address and ignores the other addresses.

The address-assignment pool feature enables you to create address pools that can be shared by different client applications such as DHCPv4 or DHCPv6.

To configure an address-assignment pool, use the following order. The following procedures are tested on for SRX300, SRX320, SRX340, SRX345, SRX550M, and SRX1500 devices.

• Configure the address-assignment pool name and specify the addresses for the pool.
• (Optional) Configure named ranges (subsets) of addresses.
• (Optional; IPv4 only) Create static address bindings.
• (Optional) Configure attributes for DHCP clients.

When configuring an address-assignment pool on devices, you must specify the name of the pool and its addresses.

To configure an IPv4 address-assignment pool:

• Configure the name of the pool and specify the IPv4 family. [edit access] [email protected]# edit address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet
• Configure the network address and the prefix length of the addresses in the pool. [edit access address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet] [email protected]# set network 192.168.0.0/16

You can configure an IPv4 address-assignment pool in a routing instance by configuring the address-assignment statements at the [edit routing-instance routing-instance-name ]  hierarchy level. For example [edit routing-instances routing-instances name access address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet] . The above steps shows only the  [edit access]  configuration.

You can optionally configure multiple named ranges, or subsets, of addresses within an address-assignment pool. During a dynamic address assignment, a client can be assigned an address from a specific named range. To create a named range, you specify a name for the range and define the address range.

This example is tested on SRX300, SRX320, SRX340, SRX345, SRX1500, and SRX550M devices.

To create a named range within an IPv4 address-assignment pool:

• Specify the name of the address-assignment pool. [edit access] [email protected]# edit address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet
• Configure the name of the range and the lower and upper boundaries of the addresses in the range. [edit access address-assignment pool isp_1 family inet] [email protected]# set range southeast low 192.168.102.2 high 192.168.102.254

To configure named address ranges in a routing instance, configure the address-assignment statements in the [edit routing-instances] hierarchy level.

You can optionally create a static IPv4 address binding by reserving a specific address for a particular client. The address is removed from the address-assignment pool so that it is not assigned to another client. When you reserve an address, you identify the client host and create a binding between the client MAC address and the assigned IP address.

To configure a static IPv4 address binding:

• Specify the name of the IPv4 address-assignment pool containing the IP address you want to reserve for the client. [edit access] [email protected]# edit address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet
• Specify the name of the client for the static binding, the client MAC address, and the IP address to reserve for the client. This configuration specifies that the client with MAC address 01:03:05:07:09:0b is always assigned IP address 192.168.10.2. [edit access address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet] [email protected]# set host svale6_boston_net hardware-address 01:03:05:07:09:0b ip-address 192.168.10.2

To configure static binding for an IPv4 address in a routing instance, configure the address-assignment statements in the [edit routing-instances] hierarchy.

Address-assignment pool linking enables you to specify a secondary address pool for the device to use when the primary address-assignment pool is fully allocated. When the primary pool has no available addresses remaining, the device automatically switches over to the linked secondary pool and begins allocating addresses from that pool. The device uses a secondary pool only when the primary address-assignment pool is fully allocated.

To link a primary address-assignment pool named pool-1 to a secondary pool named pool-2, use the following option:

You use the address-assignment pool feature to include application-specific attributes when clients obtain an address. The client application, such as DHCP, uses the attributes to determine how addresses are assigned and to provide optional application-specific characteristics to the client. For example, the DHCP application might specify that a client that matches certain prerequisite information is dynamically assigned an address from a particular named range. Based on which named range is used, DHCP specifies additional DHCP attributes such as the boot file that the client uses, the DNS server, and the maximum lease time.

This feature is supported on SRX300, SRX320, SRX340, SRX345, SRX550M, and SRX1500 devices.

You use the dhcp-attributes statement to configure DHCP client-specific attributes for address-assignment pools.

To configure address-assignment pool attributes for DHCP clients:

• Configure optional DHCP client attributes. [edit access address-assignment pool blr-pool family inet] [email protected]# set dhcp-attributes maximum-lease-time 2419200 [email protected]# set dhcp-attributes name-server 192.168.10.2 [email protected]# set dhcp-attributes boot-file boot-file.txt [email protected]# set dhcp-attributes boot-file boot-server example.com

To configure DHCP client-specific attributes in a routing instance, configure the dhcp-attributes statements in the [edit routing-instances] hierarchy.

Related Documentation

• DHCPv6 Address-Assignment Pools
• DHCP Overview
• Legacy DHCP and Extended DHCP

• DHCP server

A DHCP server is an almost indispensable element of all networks. Its role is to dynamically assign IP addresses and other parameters to devices in a network, using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Thanks to a DHCP server, network operators don’t have to perform this mundane task manually, which frees up their time and reduces the number of configuration errors.

How does it work?

Dhcp request, ip pool management, a good dhcp server is:.

integrated with an IPAM

configurable in runtime

intuitive and navigable

highly available

flexible regardless of network complexity

integrable with third-party systems

Released man-hours

Smaller number of errors

Effective IP pool use

Automated network configuration

Why do you need a DHCP server?

Simply put, the alternative to having a DHCP server is to manually assign and keep track of IP addresses. With large networks that quickly becomes unmanageable. Nor does it make much sense.

The server frees up network operators’ time so that they can focus on the real challenges of their work. As it reduces the need for manual intervention, it also decreases the number of human errors that would naturally occur. On top of this, because the IPs are assigned dynamically, the IP pool is used more effectively, which is especially important in depleted IPv4 networks.

Easier network management

High availability

More functionalities

Released overhead

Why not just use a router?

Yes, you can let routers or other network equipment handle the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol if your network is small enough. However, there are a few considerations you need to account for.

Most importantly, it is easier to manage one DHCP server than a set of separate servers located on routers. This gives you better visibility into your network and greater flexibility.

Additionally, a DHCP server is a safer option if its architecture ensures high availability. Then, if one node goes down, the other can quickly take over, having little to no impact on the clients.

Finally, there’s the matter of overhead. After all, handling DHCP requests is yet another task for the router to perform that puts an unnecessary strain on its performance and may negatively affect the network.

Dive deeper

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DHCP IP Address assignment MR60

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Re: DHCP IP Address assignment MR60

Re: DHCP lease time MR60

• ‎2020-08-06 05:24 AM

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The two main functions of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol are to provide a mechanism for assigning addresses to hosts, and a method by which clients can request addresses and other configuration data from servers. Both functions are based on the ones implemented in DHCP's predecessor, BOOTP, but the changes are much more significant in the area of address assignment than they are in communication. It makes sense to start our look at DHCP here, since this will naturally lead us into a detailed discussion of defining characteristic of DHCP: dynamic addressing .

Providing an IP address to a client is the most fundamental configuration task performed by a host configuration protocol. To provide flexibility for configuring addresses on different types of clients, the DHCP standard includes three different address allocation mechanisms:

I don't really care for the names “automatic” and “dynamic” allocation, because they don't do a good job of clearly conveying the differences between these methods. Both can be considered “automatic” because in each the DHCP server assigns an address with no administrator intervention required. The real difference between them is only in how long the IP address is retained, and therefore, whether a host's address varies over time. I think better names would be “static/permanent automatic allocation” and “dynamic/temporary automatic allocation”. But then, nobody really cares much what I think. J

Regardless of what you call them, all three of these methods exist for configuring IP hosts using DHCP. It is not necessary for an administrator to choose one over the others. Instead, he or she will normally combine the methods, using each for the devices where it makes the most sense.